matlab-【MATLAB GUI】 1. 普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本

看B站up主freexyn的freexyn编程实例视频教程系列36Matlab GUI的学习笔记

初步认识+普通按钮

任务要求：点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1；点击“close”按钮，关闭所有窗口

1. 命令行打开GUI：命令行guide，或者appdesigner

2. 如果左边方块没有文字说明，则点击文件-预设-在组件选项板中显示名称-确定
   
   

3. 调整设计界面大小，点击普通按钮，拉到设计界面，调整普通按钮大小

   

4. 双击这个普通按钮，或者右键点击属性，修改String、FontSize等内容。修改完毕后点击×号退出
   

5. 重复以上操作，得到以下
   

6. 点击保存，命名为test1.fig，同时自动生成test1.m文件

7. 对于test1.m文件：

   **function varargout = test1(varargin)**
   % TEST1 MATLAB code for test1.fig
   %      TEST1, by itself, creates a new TEST1 or raises the existing
   %      singleton*.
   %
   %      H = TEST1 returns the handle to a new TEST1 or the handle to
   %      the existing singleton*.
   %
   %      TEST1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
   %      function named CALLBACK in TEST1.M with the given input arguments.
   %
   %      TEST1('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST1 or raises the
   %      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
   %      applied to the GUI before test1_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
   %      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
   %      stop.  All inputs are passed to test1_OpeningFcn via varargin.
   %
   %      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
   %      instance to run (singleton)".
   %
   % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
   
   % Edit the above text to modify the response to help test1
   
   % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 18-Feb-2024 15:21:53
   
   % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
   gui_Singleton = 1;
   gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                      'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                      'gui_OpeningFcn', @test1_OpeningFcn, ...
                      'gui_OutputFcn',  @test1_OutputFcn, ...
                      'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                      'gui_Callback',   []);
   if nargin && ischar(varargin{
         1})
       gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{
         1});
   end
   
   if nargout
       [varargout{
         1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{
         :});
   else
       gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{
         :});
   end
   % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
   
   % --- Executes just before test1 is made visible.
   function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
   % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
   % hObject    handle to figure
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   % varargin   command line arguments to test1 (see VARARGIN)
   
   % Choose default command line output for test1
   handles.output = hObject;
   
   % Update handles structure
   guidata(hObject, handles);
   
   % UIWAIT makes test1 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
   % uiwait(handles.figure1);
   
   % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
   function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
   % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
   % hObject    handle to figure
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   
   % Get default command line output from handles structure
   varargout{
         1} = handles.output;
   
   % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
   function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
   % hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   
   % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
   function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
   % hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   

   1. function varargout = test1(varargin)：函数名称即文件名称，包含了方才设计的图形文件的一些初始化信息，不要修改

   2. function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)：回调函数，当打开一个图形文件的时候，所有的控件数据都设置好了之后，把图形界面呈现在电脑屏幕之前，该函数运行，对界面进行一些初始化处理

   3. function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) ：输出函数，有输出参数，在打开函数OpeningFcn()返回控制之后，把控制权返回给命令行窗口之前，执行该函数，执行结果会输出到命令行窗口中

   4. pushbutton1_Callback、pushbutton2_Callback：两个组件的回调函数，在图形界面点击按钮会执行对应回调函数，其中的pushbutton1、pushbutton2对应组件的Tag

      function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
      %hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，
      %以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”
      
      %eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的
      
      %handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息
      

8. 现在回到设计界面

9. 给close按钮添加回调：对“close”按钮点击右键，查看回调，单击callback，会定位到.m文件中的对应位置，进行代码编辑，保存

   % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
   function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
   % hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   clear all %清除所有变量
   close all %关闭所有窗口
   

   点击.fig页面中的绿色三角形，运行，点击运行界面的“close”，图形窗口就关闭了

10. 给100按钮添加回调：要求实现点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1。步骤同上

    % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
    function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
    %hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，
    %以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”
    %eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的
    %handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息
    
    %get(h,属性)获得图形对象h上的属性值，是字符串格式
    s=get(hObject,'string');
    
    %set(h,Name,Value) 使用一个或多个名称-值参数设置指定图形对象h的属性
    set(hObject,'string',num2str(str2num(s)+1));
    

静态文本和可编辑文本

任务要求实现：在可编辑文本中输入文字，回车，立即显示在静态文本框中

1. 可编辑文本：可以输入内容

2. 静态文本：仅用于显示字符

3. 界面设计如下：属性不做修改，保存为test2.fig
   

4. 双击.fig页面中的可编辑文本，点击查看回调，点击callback

5. 自动定位到.m文件中的edit1_Callback，根据任务要求进行代码编辑

   function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
   % hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)
   % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
   % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
   
   % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text
   %        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double
   
   s=get(hObject,'string');
   %handles包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息，
   %**handles.text2即引用了另一个控件的数据，text2是静态文本框的tag值**
   set(handles.text2,'string',s);
   

   handles可帮忙引用其他控件的数据

6. 保存.m，在.fig界面运行即可
   

设计一个简易计算机

普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本的综合运用

1. 先用普通按钮设计，属性只修改string

   

2. 增加静态文本：属性修改backgroungcolor，防止和页面背景融为一体，同时把string删除。该框用于显示计算过程和结果

   

3. 编写各个普通按钮的回调函数：任务要求把计算过程和结果在静态文本框中显示出来

   1. 0~9和+、-、/的按钮

      % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
      function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
      % 如果只是
      % s=get(hObject,'string');
      % set(handles.text2,'string',s);
      % 则会导致无法输入11，只能输入1
      s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
      s=get(hObject,'string');
      set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,s]);
      

   2. ×的按钮：×不能运算，*才可以运算

      % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton16.
      function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
      % hObject    handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)
      % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
      % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
      s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
      s=get(hObject,'string');
      set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,'*']);
      

   3. =和C的按钮

      % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton18.
      function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
      % hObject    handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)
      % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
      % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
      s0=get(handles.text2,'string');
      %eval(expression)返回 expression 的输出，数值型
      set(handles.text2,'string',num2str(eval(s0)));
      
      % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton19.
      function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
      % hObject    handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)
      % eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
      % handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
      set(handles.text2,'string',[]);